Hardware wallets are used by many users as physical devices to safely store crypto assets, and contain advanced security technology. Let's take a closer look at the internal structure of a hardware wallet and the technology used to protect private keys.
1. Security chip: the heart of the wallet
The core of a hardware wallet is the security chip . This chip is responsible for safely storing the most important data in the wallet, such as private keys and PIN codes. For example, a high-security chip similar to those used in credit cards and passports is used, and the design is resistant to external tampering.
Many security chips have a dedicated area called a secure enclave , in which private keys are stored. The enclave not only prevents external access, but is also resistant to physical attacks. Therefore, even if the wallet is stolen, the risk of the private key being leaked is extremely low.
2. Microcontroller: Overall control of the wallet
A hardware wallet is operated by a small processor called a microcontroller , which responds to user input, controls the wallet's functions, and works with a security chip to carry out transactions.
This processor ensures that all operations are managed and secured when accessing sensitive data within the wallet. The wallet's design means that no sensitive data is stored on the microcontroller itself, and all data processing takes place within the security chip, minimizing the risk of hacking.
3. Encryption module: secure processing of transaction data
Hardware wallets are equipped with a cryptographic module for signing transactions and encrypting communications, which securely generates and verifies signatures for transactions made over the network, protecting data even during external communications.
For example, when transferring crypto assets, the cryptographic module signs the transaction data and ensures its security before sending it to the blockchain. In this way, the hardware wallet generates a signature for each transaction, preventing third parties from tampering with the transaction.
4. Display and buttons: physical confirmation provides peace of mind
Some hardware wallets are equipped with a display or button that allows users to physically verify transaction details and PIN codes. This verification is completed on the device itself, without relying on an external screen or app, making it easier to prevent fraud during transactions.
In particular, by showing transaction details on the display and operating them with a button, users can check each and every transaction, significantly reducing the risk of sending the wrong amount or making a fraudulent transfer.
5. Firmware: Updates that support the evolution of security
Hardware wallets are controlled by internal software called firmware , which is often updated regularly to improve the wallet's security and add new features, giving users the latest protection.
Firmware updates address known vulnerabilities and improve security in line with evolving cryptography, extending the lifespan of your wallet and allowing users to continue using it with peace of mind.
Summary of Hardware Wallets: Protect your assets with high security
Hardware wallets are designed to minimize the risk of external attacks and tampering through advanced technologies such as security chips, microcontrollers, and encryption modules. They also feature physical verification through displays and buttons, and the latest security features through firmware updates, ensuring the protection of users' crypto assets.